Inhaled Antibiotic Cuts Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
A short course of an inhaled antibiotic helped prevent the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU), a randomized trial in France showed. In critically ill patients intubated for between 3 to 4 days, administration of amikacin (Arikayce) reduced the rate of first ventilator-associated pneumonia compared with an inhaled placebo (15% vs […]
ADHD and Car Crashes; New Guidance on Stimulant Use Disorder Tx; KarXT Heads to FDA
Older adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had a significantly higher incidence of car crashes. (JAMA Network Open) Meanwhile, the estimated prevalence of ADHD in kids 4 years and up held steady — between 10.08% to 10.47% — from 2017 to 2022, according to nationally representative data. (JAMA Network Open) The FDA released new draft […]
Global Incidence of Early-Onset Cancer Has Surged Since 1990
The global incidence of early-onset cancer has increased by 79% over the last three decades, researchers reported. In 2019, new cancer diagnoses in people under 50 totaled 3.26 million compared with 1.82 million in 1990, according to Xue Li, PhD, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China, and colleagues. Meanwhile, 1.06 million people under […]
Potential ‘Game Changer’ for Leprosy Prevention
A single dose of rifapentine reduced the incidence of leprosy among household contacts of patients with the infectious disease, a cluster-randomized trial out of China found. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the cumulative incidence of leprosy among 7,450 household contacts was 0.09% with an oral dose of rifapentine over 4 years of follow-up, as compared with […]
Dementia Incidence Linked With Vitamin D Supplements
Vitamin D supplements were linked with lower dementia incidence and longer dementia-free survival, prospective data showed. In a sample of 12,000 older adults, exposure to vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 40% lower dementia incidence rate compared with no exposure (adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.55-0.65), reported Zahinoor Ismail, MD, of the University of […]
Phthalates Exposure Tied to Higher Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in White Women
Exposure to phthalates — a type of endocrine-disrupting chemical — was linked with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes among women, but only those who were white, researchers reported. In a study of over 1,300 women without diabetes, certain phthalate metabolites were associated with a higher incidence of diabetes during 6-year follow-up in a […]
Parkinson’s Incidence 50% Higher Than Previously Thought
The annual incidence of Parkinson’s disease was 50% higher than previous estimates in data from five epidemiological cohorts in the U.S. and Canada. The new incidence rate was nearly 90,000 cases annually for people 65 and older, reported Allison Willis, MD, of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and co-authors. This contrasted sharply with the […]
ADVOR Backs Add-On Acetazolamide for Cutting Congestion in Decompensated HF
BARCELONA — The addition of IV acetazolamide to loop diuretic therapy led to a greater incidence of successful early decongestion in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF), according to the ADVOR trial. The primary outcome of successful decongestion within 3 days after randomization was 42.2% with acetazolamide versus 30.5% with placebo (P<0.001), reported Wilfried […]
Do COVID Vaccines Stave Off New Medical Conditions?
Risks of long COVID symptoms and the incidence of new onset hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease were lower among vaccinated patients with breakthrough infection versus those with COVID who were unvaccinated, a large analysis of medical records in the U.S. suggested. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, relative risks were 0.33 for hypertension (95% CI […]
Food insecurity risk related to diabetes later in life
Young adults who were at risk of food insecurity had increased incidence of diabetes 10 years later, according to a Washington State University study. While previous research has associated food insecurity with a range of health issues including diabetes, obesity and hypertension, this study showed a connection over time, suggesting a causal relationship. In the […]